Divinity Original Sin Highlight Objectsl
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Zeus, then, originally a local, a family, or a tribal divinity, is taken into the cities and extended to the whole nation. He is the protecting divinity of the young state, as the king of the nation-state ; he is the divinity of its laws and institutions, as the father of the people, the founder and protector of the city, the city being the new shrine of Zeus, as the oracle of Zeus at Dodona and that of Zeus at Dodona. There is accordingly a family of Zeus at Dodona, a family of Zeus at Delphi, a family of Zeus at Sipylus, and a family of Zeus at Athens. There is a primordial Zeus at Dodona, a Zeus of the Arcadians, a Zeus of the Achaeans, a Zeus of the Cretans, and a Zeus of the Hellenes. Thus we have the worship of the supreme deity of a people, and its extension to the other gods also of that people.
The Italian pantheon probably had some local deities, but the Italian cities were never in the habit of developing a divinity in the same way that they developed Zeus. The Italian cities had their gods and the Greek cities their Zeus. [2] As a matter of fact, the Italian cities, though subject to the same influences as the Greek, were not dependent on them, for they had preserved their individuality, and the Greek Zeus was a creation of the Greek and not of the Italian people. [3] In the same way, the gods of the Italian cities would have been different from those of the Greek if the Greek gods had not been known to the Italian people. Zeus was a national divinity, and his worship was not localized in any particular part of the Greek world. [4] For the same reason, his worship was much older than that of the Italian gods, and the origin of the worship of the Italian gods can be referred only to the Greek development of religion.
As to the Dodona and the Cretan Zeus, it appears from the common traditions that each of these distinct traditions was given a foundation by Zeus, who, according to either the Arcadians or the Cretans, is represented as the founder of Dodona and the Cretan Zeus. We may reasonably conjecture that the Arcadians and the Cretans came originally from Arcadia and Crete, respectively, and that the traditions mentioned, and the stories connected with the two ancient oracles, were handed down by these early inhabitants from father to son. When the Greek settlers founded Dodona and Crete, they believed that they were restoring the sacred institutions of the ancient inhabitants, and that the divinities themselves were the same in both places. They, moreover, regarded the two local divinities as the guardians of the traditions which they received. If the inhabitants of the two places had held in common the same traditions of the past, the divinities would have manifested themselves in the same manner, and would have been worshipped as Zeus and Zeus Dodonaeus. Zeus himself, in order to make the union of the two oracles more complete and more beautiful, would naturally choose the most sublime spot of all in that part of Greece, Mount Parnassus, the cradle of the Dorian race, the home of the sacred past, and the sanctuary of the original oracles. 827ec27edc